Technology

The process begins by capturing CO₂ as one of the main raw materials for e-Fuel production.

We source CO₂ from biogenic origins, unavoidable industrial process emissions or eventually direct air capture. Direct air capture is the long-term goal for full atmospheric circularity, but since it is not yet available at scale and remains expensive, capturing CO₂ from high-concentration point sources is a practical and economically sensible starting point. This means that instead of releasing this carbon into the atmosphere, we capture and reuse it as a valuable feedstock. This step is essential for enabling a circular carbon economy and reducing net CO₂ emissions in aviation. The CO₂ supplies the carbon but does not contribute to the energy content of the fuels. The energy needed to produce e-Fuels comes from fossil-free electricity e.g. used to produce the hydrogen.

Next, the captured CO₂ begins its transformation. Using fossil-free electricity, we split water into hydrogen and combine it with the CO₂ turning it from a waste gas into a building block. In the following process steps, the carbon-containing molecules are exposed to pressure, temperature and catalysts to form longer hydrocarbon chains, the same type of molecules found in conventional crude oil. The result is a renewable, synthetic crude oil equivalent. The process also produces oxygen and heat, which can be reused internally or supplied for district heating.

In a third step, the carbon continues its journey now embedded in synthetic hydrocarbon molecules. The renewable synthetic crude is refined into finished fuels and products. While the process can produce a range of outputs, ours is designed specifically to support aviation, where sustainable drop-in fuels are most urgently needed. This is why we optimize our refining to convert around 70–80% of our output into e-Kerosene (e-SAF), a sustainable aviation fuel that can be used in existing aircraft and fuel infrastructure. The remaining share becomes e-Naphtha, which can be used as a chemical feedstock.

The finished sustainable aviation fuel is transported to airports and used in aircraft just like conventional jet fuel. During combustion, CO₂ is released back into the atmosphere, the same carbon molecules which were previously captured from biogenic or unavoidable sources. The cycle is closed when the CO₂ is either absorbed by plants through natural processes such as photosynthesis or when it is captured through direct air capture. By repeating these four steps, we enable a circular, renewable fuel pathway supporting aviation without relying on extraction of additional fossil fuels.